Sélection du moment:
Veille 2.1
Résultats pour:
Malcolm T. McCulloch, The University of Western Australia, Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia, The University of Western Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia, Amos Winter, Indiana State University, Earth and Environmental Systems Department, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, USA, Clark E. Sherman, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez, Mayaguez, USA, Julie A. Trotter, The University of Western Australia, Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge carbonate skeletons, we demonstrate that industrial-era warming began in the mid-1860s, more than 80 years earlier than instrumental sea surface temperature records. The Sr/Ca palaeothermometer was calibrated against ‘modern’ (post-1963) highly correlated (R2 = 0.91) instrumental records of global sea surface temperatures, with the pre-industrial defined by nearly constant (<±0.1 °C) temperatures from 1700 to the early 1860s. Increasing ocean and land-air temperatures overlap until the late twentieth century, when the land began warming at nearly twice the rate of the surface oceans. Hotter land temperatures, together with the earlier onset of industrial-era warming, indicate that global warming was already 1.7 ± 0.1 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2020. Our result is 0.5 °C higher than IPCC estim